常见问题

从术区取血与Geistlich Bio-Oss^®进行混合即可。取血时应注意避免被唾液细菌污染。

Geistlich Bio-Oss^® 是去蛋白牛骨矿物质，严格控制的生产过程可以确保产品的质量和安全性：

• 严格的原材料供应
• 原材料产地：澳大利亚（部分来自新西兰），这些国家从未出现过疯牛病
• 严格筛选并注册的屠宰场
• 每只动物在屠宰前和屠宰后都要进行卫生检验检疫
• 严格挑选牛的四肢骨（根据WHO指南，将组织传染性分为未检测到传染性和检测到朊病毒）
• 高温煅烧15小时，强碱处理，保证组织彻底失活
• 严格灭菌，双层无菌包装
• 整个生产过程由国际官方机构监督

使用Geistlich Bio-Oss^®时，通常不需要与抗生素混合使用。

不可以。如果使用高压蒸汽对Geistlich Bio-Oss^®进行消毒，由于颗粒具有多孔性，湿气会在颗粒的孔隙中聚集，这会改变Geistlich Bio-Oss^®的亲水性。而且，Geistlich Bio-Oss^®重复消毒也是未被验证的。因此，禁止对Geistlich Bio-Oss^®进行任何方式的重复消毒。

Geistlich Bio-Oss^® 需要与屏障膜联合使用。屏障膜具有屏障功能，可以防止软组织长入。¹ 天然胶原膜如 Geistlich Bio-Gide^® 还可以促进伤口愈合，避免术后伤口裂开^2,3，增加治疗过程中的安全性。医生在使用前需要仔细阅读产品说明书。

References:

1. Gielkens PF, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19(5) : 516-21.
2. Tal H, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19(3): 295-302.
3. Becker J, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20(7): 742-49.

通常，推荐小颗粒用于小面积骨缺损（1-2个牙位）和与自体骨联合使用；推荐大颗粒用于大面积骨缺损（＞2个牙位，上颌窦底提升）。但是，医生间的使用习惯差距很大。

No. There are no other tips available.

No. The applicator tips are not available separately.

No. Discard and use a new Geistlich Bio-Oss Pen^®.

No. If Geistlich Bio-Oss^® is autoclaved, moisture can collect in the particles due to the high porosity of the product, which can change the hydrophilic properties. Moreover, Geistlich Bio-Oss^® is not approved for re-sterilization. Re-sterilization under any circumstances is not recommended.

No, Geisltich does not recommend mixing autologous bone with the Geistlich Bio-Oss^® granules within the syringe.

Depending on the size of the defect, between 1.5 to 4 cc of Geistlich Bio-Oss^® granules are needed, 3cc on average. This is equivalent to two 1.5cc Geistlich Bio-Oss Pen^® with large granules or three 1cc Geistlich Bio-Oss Pen^® with small granules.

0.5 cc Geistlich Bio-Oss Pen^®: ~0.5 ml
1.0 cc Geistlich Bio-Oss Pen^®: ~1.0 ml
1.5 cc Geistlich Bio-Oss Pen^®: ~1.5 ml

A membrane should be used in conjunction with Geistlich Bio-Oss^® as a barrier against the ingrowth of soft tissue¹. Native collagen membranes such as Geistlich Bio-Gide^® also promote wound healing and increase therapeutic safety in the event of a postoperative wound dehiscence^2,3. Physicians should read the package insert prior to use.

References:

1. Gielkens PF, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19: 516-21.
2. Tal H, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19: 295-302.
3. Becker J, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20(7): 742-49.

Fundamentally, the use of small particles is recommended for small defects (up to 2 dental alveoli) and for augmenting autogenous grafts. The large particles are recommended for large defects (> 2 dental alveoli, sinus lifts), however, preferences can vary from dentist to dentist.

Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen中含有胶原，不排除组织过敏或炎症的可能，但是极其罕见。

Geistlich Bio-Oss^® 和 Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen 的适应症相同。在下列情况中二者都可以使用： 

• 牙槽脊增量/重建
• 牙周骨质缺损
• 截根术、根尖切除术和根尖囊肿切除术后的骨质缺损
• 拔牙窝位点保存
• 上颌窦底提升
• 与其他产品联合用于牙周骨质缺损，实现引导骨再生（GBR）或引导组织再生（GTR）
• 与其他产品联合用于种植体周围骨缺损，实现引导骨再生（GBR）

Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen 可用于下列骨缺损的手术操作：

• 牙槽脊增量/重建
• 拔牙窝位点保存
• 种植体周围骨缺损，上颌窦底提升
• 牙周骨质缺损，引导骨再生（GBR）和引导组织再生（GTR）中与屏障膜联合使用

Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen 中的胶原不具有屏障功能。当需要维持空间时，推荐使用屏障膜，以达到最佳治疗效果。¹

References:

1. Perelmann-Karmon, et al.:  Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4): 459-65.

不是。Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen是由90% Geistlich Bio-Oss^®颗粒和10%高纯度猪胶原混合制成的块状物。Geistlich Bio-Oss^®来源于天然牛骨的无机矿物质。胶原成分使Geistlich Bio-Oss^®更容易塑形，更适于骨缺损区域。

Geistlich Bio-Gide^® is a membrane with a unique bilayer structure. It combines optimal bone formation with complication–free wound healing and predictable outcomes. A significant number of scientific publications and proven long-term clinical success support the safety and efficacy of Geistlich Bio-Gide^®.

Geistlich Bio-Oss Collagen^® and Geistlich Bio-Gide^® are made of collagen, therefore allergic and inflammatory tissue reactions cannot be excluded. However, this is extremely rare.

Geistlich Combi-Kit Collagen is packed in a double blister. After the outer blister has been opened sterility can no longer be guaranteed. The product Geistlich Combi-Kit Collagen is registered for one time use only. It is not recommended to use the products separately.

Geistlich Combi-Kit Collagen is recommended for the reconstruction of the alveolar ridge, extraction socket management and augmentation of bone dehiscences.

Geistlich Bio-Gide^® Perio and Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen are made of collagen, therefore allergic and inflammatory tissue reactions cannot be excluded. However, this is extremely rare.

The collagen in Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen does not function as a membrane. In guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures, a membrane is indicated to obtain optimal results.¹

References:

1. Perelman-Karmon M, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2013, 32(4): 459-65.

Perio-System Combi-Pack is packed in a double blister. After the outer blister has been opened, product sterility can no longer be guaranteed. The product Perio-System Combi-Pack is approved for single use only.

根据医生的临床需求，Geistlich Bio-Gide^®可适用于埋入式愈合和开放式愈合。¹  Geistlich Bio-Gide^®用于开放式愈合的优势如下：手术过程中无需翻瓣，很好的保留了膜龈联合。

References:

1. Cardaropoli D, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012, 32(4): 421-30.

Geistlich Bio-Gide^® 润湿后与骨组织的粘附能力非常好，通常不需要使用螺钉固定。在特殊情况下也可以进行固定。

不可以。高压灭菌或高温消毒会不可逆地破坏胶原结构，膜的物理特性被改变，像羊皮卷一样容易破碎。此外，Geistlich Bio-Gide^®重复消毒是未被批准的。因此，禁止用任何方法对Geistlich Bio-Gide^®进行重复消毒。

Geistlich Bio-Gide^® 为双层膜结构，有一个致密层和一个疏松层。Geistlich Bio-Gide^®的致密层与疏松层相比，具有更好的细胞隔离作用，可以防止上皮细胞长入骨缺损区域。如果在使用中将粗糙面朝向了软组织，骨细胞融合的过程会放缓。但是，无须将膜取出重新放置。

Geistlich Bio-Gide^® 是由胶原制成，不能完全排除组织的过敏反应和炎症反应，但是极其罕见。

炎症是一种常见的并发症，可见于任何手术。大量研究证实，Geistlich Bio-Gide^®具有良好的生物相容性。

Geistlich Bio-Gide^® 具有独特的双层膜结构，具有良好的骨形成能力和可预期的疗效，有效减少伤口愈合过程中的并发症。Geistlich Bio-Gide^®与人工合成的交联膜相比具有显著更低的伤口裂开发生率。¹ 大量的科学文献和长期的临床使用经验证明，Geistlich Bio-Gide^®具有优异的疗效和可靠的安全性。



References:

1. Tal H, et al.: Clin Oral Impl Res 2008; 19: 295-302.
2. Becker J, et al.: Clin Oral Impl Res 2009; 20(7): 742-49.
3. Schwarz F, et al.: Clin Oral Impl Res 2008; 19(4): 402-15.

临床专家估计，在进行引导骨再生时，屏障膜的屏障功能至少要持续到临时基质和编织骨形成。在多数病例中，屏障功能要持续7-14天。最佳的屏障功能就是持续保持密封性能直至伤口愈合——这一过程正常情况下约为2周。

研究证实，Geistlich Bio-Gide^®与屏障时间更长的膜相比具有相当的骨再生性能，但是却可以显著减少伤口愈合过程中的并发症。^1-3

References:

1. Tal H, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19(5): 295-302.
2. Becker J, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20(7): 742-49.
3. Schwarz F, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19(4): 402-15.

在进行引导骨再生时，使用屏障膜可以确保最佳的牙槽骨再生。与不使用屏障膜相比，使用屏障膜可以获得数量更多质量更好的新骨。¹

References:

1. Schwarz F, et al.: Clin Oral Impl Res 2008; 19(4): 402-15.

As Geistlich Bio-Gide^® Perio adheres very well to the defect, it is normally not necessary to utilize fixation screws or pins. However, fixation is possible if required.

No. Autoclaving or hot-air sterilization irreversibly destroys the collagen structure. The physical properties of the membrane are changed and the consistency of the product becomes like parchment paper. In addition the product is not approved for re-sterilization and therefore may not be used.

The bilayer structure of Geistlich BioGide^® Perio has a compact and porous surface. The compact layer of Geistlich Bio-Gide^® Perio exhibits higher cell occlusiveness than the rough, porous layer, preventing the downgrowth of epithelial cells. If the membrane is applied with the porous surface placed toward the soft tissue, integration of the bone cells may take place more slowly. However, it is not necessary to remove the membrane.

As Geistlich Bio-Gide^® Perio is made of collagen, allergic and inflammatory tissue reactions cannot be excluded. However, this is extremely rare.

Inflammation is a possible complication, which may occur with any surgery. However, the biocompatibility of Geistlich Bio-Gide^® Perio has been verified in clinical studies and the incidence of complications is low.

The surface of Geistlich Bio-Gide^® Perio has been made firmer when dry to facilitate periodontal applications. Second, the outer blister pack of Geistlich Bio-Gide^® Perio includes four sterile water repellent templates. These can be placed repeatedly in the region of the defect to allow customization of the template before trimming the membrane to the precise shape.

After treatment with Geistlich Mucograft^®, please follow the same postsurgical management that is usually applied with connective tissue grafts or free gingival grafts.

It depends on the indication:
1. Gain of Keratinized Tissue: Open healing is recommended when Geistlich Mucograft^® is used to increase the width of keratinized tissue. The innovative design of Geistlich Mucograft^® allows excellent healing in open healing situations¹.
2. Recession Coverage: Geistlich Mucograft^® should remain completely submerged under the flap to avoid premature resorption of the collagen.^2-4 Direct blood supply is important.

References:

1. Sanz M, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36(10): 868-76.
2. McGuire MK & Scheyer ET: J Periodontol 2010; 81(8): 1108-17.
3. Cardaropoli D, et al.: J Periodontol 2012; 83(3): 321-28.
4. Rotundo R & Pini-Prato G: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4): 413-19.

It depends on the indication:
1. Gain of keratinized tissue: Geistlich Mucograft^® should be applied on a periosteal bed^1,2 as direct blood supply is important. In open healing, the blood is supplied through the edges of the device from the surrounding tissue and from the periosteum.
2. Recession Coverage: Geistlich Mucograft^® can be used partially or completely over bone.^3-5 Blood is supplied through the edges of the device from the surrounding tissue and from the flap completely covering the matrix.

References:

1. Sanz M, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36(10): 868-76.
2. Lorenzo R, et al.: Clin Oral Impl Res 2012; 23(3): 316-24.
3. McGuire MK & Scheyer ET : J Periodontol 2010; 81(8): 1108-17.
4. Cardaropoli D, et al.: J Periodontol 2012; 83(3): 321-28.
5. Rotundo R & Pini-Prato G: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4): 413-19.

In the majority of the clinical cases reported and in all the studies performed with Geistlich Mucograft^®, one matrix layer was used. Presently, clinical data is not available to prove that several layers of the device outperform a single layer of Geistlich Mucograft^®.

The compact structure should face,away from underlying bone, with the spongeous structure facing the bone or soft-tissue wound bed. No clinical or comparative data is available regarding the performance of Geistlich Mucograft^® when placed with the compact structure facing the bone or soft-tissue wound bed.


Published data shows different suturing techniques with Geistlich Mucograft^®: non-resorbable^1,2 and resorbable³, 0-5^1,2 and 0-6⁴. There is no clinical evidence showing a benefit of one type of suture over another one when suturing Geistlich Mucograft^®.

References:

1. Sanz M, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36(10): 868-76.
2. Herford AS, et al.: J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 68(7): 1463-70.
3. Cardaropoli D, et al.: J Periodontol 2012; 83(3): 321-28.
4. McGuire MK & Scheyer ET : J Periodontol 2010; 81(8): 1108-17.

No. Geistlich Mucograft^® has limited elongation properties and should always be sutured tension-free.

Our measurements indicate that there is no additional swelling of the matrix following hydration (90 minute period examined)¹.

References:

1. Data on file, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland

Geistlich recommends handling and applying the material dry, as it is easy to trim and pre-suture.

Geistlich Mucograft^® is ready to be applied directly to the defect and does not need treatment or hydration prior to application. Due to its excellent hydrophilicity, the matrix will hydrate quickly with the patient’s blood after placement in the defect.

Geistlich Mucograft^® can be used as an alternative to both a free gingival graft or a connective tissue graft (CTG) for increasing keratinized tissue^1-3. Geistlich Mucograft^® is also an alternative to CTG for use in recession coverage procedures^4-6.

References:

1. Sanz M, et al.: J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36(10): 868-76.
2. Lorenzo R, et al.: Clin. Oral Impl. Res 2012; 23(3): 316-24.
3. Nevins M, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2011; 31(4): 367-73.
4. McGuire MK & Scheyer ET : J Periodontol 2010; 81(8): 1108-17.
5. Cardaropoli D, et al.: J Periodontol 2012; 83(3): 321-28.
6. Rotundo R & Pini-Prato G: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4): 413-19.

The collagen in Geistlich Mucograft^® is methodically replaced by newly formed soft tissue. The matrix is rapidly vascularized and colonized by soft-tissue cells. This leads to a good integration of the matrix without any signs of foreign body reaction^1,2.

References:

1. Rocchietta I, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(1): e34-40.
2. Ghanaati S, et al.: Biomed Mater 2011; 6(1): 015010.

Geistlich Mucograft^® consists of porcine collagen and is specifically designed for soft-tissue regeneration. The matrix is comprised of a compact structure that provides stability while allowing open healing, paired with a spongy structure that supports blood clot stabilization and ingrowth of soft-tissue cells.

Geistlich Mucograft^® is a unique 3D-collagen matrix designed specifically for soft-tissue regeneration as an alternative to autogenous soft-tissue grafts.

Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal should be sutured using non-resorbable sutures, not glued¹. The close adaptation of the device to tissue borders can be accomplished by single interrupted sutures, double interrupted sutures, cross sutures, or sling sutures¹.
The finest possible suture material comfortably used by the surgeon should be selected: for single interrupted sutures, the 6.0 or 5.0 suture size is recommended; for cross-suturing, a 5.0 suture size is appropriate¹.

References:

1. Geistlich Mucograft Seal Advisory Board Meeting Report, 2013. Data on file Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland.

No. Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal shows a limited elongation and should always be sutured tension-free.

The compact structure should face outward, away from underlying bone, with the spongeous structure facing the bone or soft-tissue wound bed. Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal spongeous structure is striped for easier differentiation of the two sides. The striped spongeous structure should face the bone.

Our measurements indicate that the matrix does not swell further after hydration (90 minute period examined)¹.

References:

1. Data on file, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland

Geistlich recommends dry handling and application: Easy to trim, easy to pre-suture.

Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal  is ready to be applied to seal the socket and does not need pretreatment or moisture before application. Due to its excellent hydrophilicity, the matrix will hydrate quickly after implantation in the defect by soaking rapidly the patient’s blood.

The collagen of Geistlich Mucograft^® will be replaced by newly formed soft tissue. The matrix is rapidly vascularised and colonised by soft-tissue cells^1,2. This leads to a good integration of the matrix without any signs of foreign body reaction^3,4.

References:

1. Rocchietta I, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(1): e34-40.
2. Ghanaati S, et al.: Biomed Mater 2011 Feb; 6(1): 015010.
3. Nevins M, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2011; 31(4): 367-73.
4. Camelo M, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(2): 167-73.

Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal consists of porcine collagen and is specifically designed for soft-tissue regeneration. The matrix is built up of a compact structure that gives stability while allowing open healing, and a spongy structure that supports blood clot stabilisation and ingrowth of soft-tissue cells.

Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal is a unique 3D-matrix designed specifically for soft-tissue regeneration in extraction sockets for ridge preservation.

Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal needs the support of Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen underneath for a good ridge preservation of the soft and the hard tissues. After 8 weeks, the soft tissues are healed but the mixture of the blood clot, Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen and the newly forming bone is still soft. Nevertheless the implant can be drilled carefully into the socket and the remaining Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen will favour the volume preservation of the ridge.

The hydrophile properties of Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal favour a rapid moistening of the device either with saline or with blood.

The resorption time of every biomaterial including Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal depends on multiple factors: defect size, metabolism and general health of the patient, etc. On the other hand, to determine an average resorption time of Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal in humans, biopsies would be needed of the healing soft tissues after tooth extraction at different time points. This procedure is obviously not ethical and thus the average resorption time cannot be measured. However, single histologies indicate that after 8 weeks Geistlich Mucograft^® is completely integrated into the newly formed soft tissue. 

Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal is specifically designed for soft-tissue regeneration1. The collagen of Geistlich Mucograft^® is specially processed to favour immediate blood clot stabilisation. This leads to early vascularisation^1,3, facilitates soft-tissue cell ingrowth²  and excellent integration of the 3D-matrix with surrounding tissues^2,3.  In contrast to other collagen products in the market, Geistlich Mucograft^® and Geistlich Mucograft® Seal are well scientifically documented and their clinical benefits are proven.

References:

1. Biocompatibility according to ISO 10993-12001. Data on file Geistlich PharmaAG, Wolhusen, Switzerland.
2. Ghanaati S, et al.:  Biomed Mater 2011; 6(1): 015010.
3. Roccietta I, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(1): e34-40.

可以。Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal是自体软组织移植的一种替代方法。Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal在干燥状态下即可使用，不需要提前水化或冲洗。在放置Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal前，需要对相邻软组织进行去上皮处理。去上皮处理后，上皮细胞就可以轻松的从软组织边缘爬行进入Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal内部。

Geistlich Mucograft^® Seal 在使用时需要Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen在下方做为支撑，这样才能更好的保存软组织和硬组织。8周之后，软组织已经愈合，但是由血凝块、Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen和新生骨组成的混合物还是松软的。这时需要小心地将种植体植入拔牙窝中，而剩余的Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen对保存牙槽骨非常有利。

• 情况一：拔除牙齿后同期种植（即刻种植）
• 情况二：牙齿拔除后4-8周种植（早期种植）
• 情况三：牙齿拔除后12-16周种植（延期种植）
• 情况四：牙齿拔除16周后种植（晚期种植）¹

References:

1. Chen S, Buser D: ITI Treatment Guide Vol 3.

 如果植入位点存在炎症，不推荐使用Geistlich Bio-Oss^®和Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen（详见产品说明书）。

大约4-6个月拔牙窝内就可以实现骨再生。¹

References:

1. Cardaropoli D, et al.: Int J Periodont Rest Dent 2012; 32(4) : 421-430

不管使用何种治疗手段，束状骨在牙齿缺失或者拔除后都会吸收。束状骨不能再生，但是，Geistlich Bio-Oss^®或者Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen可以补偿束状骨的吸收，替代束状骨发挥功能，支撑周围的组织。^1,2

References:

1. Araujo M, et al.: Int J Periodont Rest Dent 2008; 28(2):123-135.
2. Fickl S, et al.: Journal Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:356-363.

束状骨是由牙周韧带发育而来的一层骨质，在牙齿拔除后会很快吸收。牙齿唇颊侧骨壁很薄^1-3，主要由束状骨组成。 

References:

1. Huynh-Ba G, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21(1): 37-42.
2. Januario AL, et al.: Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22(10): 1168-71.
3. Araujo MG, Lindhe J: Journal Clin Periodontol 2005; 32(2): 212-18.

根据医生的临床需求，Geistlich Bio-Gide^®可适用于埋入式愈合和开放式愈合。¹  Geistlich Bio-Gide^®用于开放式愈合的优势如下，手术过程中无需翻瓣，很好的保留了膜龈联合。

References:

1. Cardaropoli D, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4) :421-30.

拔牙窝位点保存时，如果有骨壁缺损，推荐使用Geistlich Bio-Oss^®或者Geistlich Bio-Oss^® Collagen，同时联合Geistlich Bio-Gide^®。Geistlich Bio-Oss^®与Geistlich Bio-Gide^®联合使用与单独使用骨替代材料相比，可以形成数量更多质量更好的新骨。^1,2

References:

1. Perelman-Karmon M, et al.: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012; 32(4): 459-65.
2. Geistlich Mucograft Seal Advisory Board Meeting Report, 2013. Data on file, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland.

骨缺损的原因有很多，如创伤或者细菌性牙菌斑引起的牙龈和骨组织炎症（牙周炎）。在牙齿拔除后，由于机械应力的缺失，牙槽脊的宽度和高度也会逐渐下降。

Geistlich Bio-Oss^® 在4-6个月后与新生骨交织在一起，并且参与到骨的自然改建过程之中。Geistlich Bio-Gide^®具有屏障作用，会在数星期后自然分解。

口腔科临床医生使用Geistlich Bio-Oss^®和Geistlich Bio-Gide^®超过20年，已经成为口腔骨再生领域的标准治疗方案，是在世界范围内被广泛使用的口腔组织再生生物材料。人们对Geistlich Bio-Oss^®和Geistlich Bio-Gide^®进行了广泛的研究，结果证实其具有优异的疗效和可靠的安全性，并且有大量关于远期临床成功的数据。

牙齿拔除后的数周至数月内，牙槽骨会逐渐吸收。这会导致出现下列问题：

• 美学缺陷：牙槽骨吸收后，表面的牙龈也会出现退缩，会导致可见的软组织缺损。
• 卫生问题：固定桥下的硬组织和软组织退缩后，固定桥与组织间的缝隙增大，这会对清洁工作造成困难。
• 发音障碍：硬组织和软组织退缩后，会在牙齿之间或者修复体下面出现空隙，这会影响发音。
• 昂贵且复杂的后续治疗：骨组织缺损后需要修复，这就需要进行大范围的骨组织和软组织增量。

严格筛选原材料，严格控制生产过程，使Geistlich Bio-Oss^®和Geistlich Bio-Gide^®能够达到最高级别的安全标准，并且具有高耐受性。

严格的生产标准包括：

• 严格筛选Geistlich Bio-Oss^®和Geistlich Bio-Gide^®生产原材料，仅使用经严格检验过的骨组织和胶原
• Geistlich Bio-Oss^®生产过程包括长时间高温煅烧和各种有效的化学和物理处理方法
• 独立的机构和政府部门定期对生产过程进行监督
• 对终端产品进行严格消毒
• 记录严格的质量保证体系

1. 植入种植体：如果剩余的牙槽骨不能为种植体提供足够的初期稳定性，就需要进行骨增量手术。
2. 牙周炎：牙周疾病（细菌性牙菌斑）可以导致牙周的牙槽骨吸收，这时就需要进行骨增量以保护剩余的牙齿。
3. 大面积骨损伤：大面积骨损伤会导致大面积骨缺损，需要进行骨重建。

生物材料是能够与活体组织接触并能实现某种功能的无生命材料，可以来源于天然物质，也可以在实验室人工合成。应用于医疗领域时，生物材料可以植入体内从而替代或者修复某些缺损的组织。